Geared up for my visit to the mine with dynamite in hand.

I arrived to Potosi alone. After two and a half months of travel, Catherine and I decided to take real space, lest we drive each other crazy. She stayed an extra day reading and relaxing in Sucre, and I headed to Potosi to visit the mines.
Before embarking on our trip I did not know much about Bolivia, but I knew about Potosi and its famous Cerro Rico. The silver mine deposits made the Spanish rich while the land and the people were grossly exploited. Although silver has long been exhausted, the Cerro Rico still has abundant deposits of tin and zinc. 15,000 miners continue to work in harsh conditions that kill many due to accidents and premature illnesses. The miners are organized in autonomous cooperatives that pay taxes to the federal government for access to the mountain. The government provides no services or regulations to the miners. Each cooperative has from 50 to 500 members. They pay dues to the cooperative to pay for the salary of the cooperative president, to contribute to social security and retirement, and to help with the upkeep of the mine. Miners begin working as young as 14 as trolley pushers and can work until they are alive and healthy. They commonly retire in their late 30s.
I visited the mine with a sweet German couple and the very knowledgeable yet arrogant and machista ex-miner, Julio Cesar. Immediately upon entering the mine I knew that the conditions were not meant for humans. For the first 300m I had to crouch down to half my size and sprint in the wet darkness. The opening was about 1m at its widest with trolley tracks occupying the center. Every thirty seconds or so I had to press my body against the side of the mine so that miners could exit the mines with their trolleys full of minerals and debris. Dust and chemicals hung densely in the air making it extremely difficult to see and nearly impossible to breathe.
The miners wore helmets and rubber boots but regular clothing and no face masks. They chewed coca leaves and even smoked cigarettes during breaks. I was surprised as they laughed and joked and carried on like buddies at the local bar. On the last Friday of the month they even drink all night in the mine giving offerings to el Tio, keeper of the underworld of the mine. Their syncretic practices involving paying respect to el Tio with offerings and prayers. He is said to protect them and bring them luck. He represents the fertile masculine demon of the underworld and his revered counterpart is the fertile feminine goddess of the earth, Pachamama.
Miner taking a break with us

El Tio

We spent over three hours in the mine meeting the miners and working hard to stay out of their way. The all male environment harbored a hypermasculine and sexualized culture that objectified women and demeaned the feminine (including gay men). I was constantly asked my name, age, and relationship status. This attention was garnered while wearing my very non-sexy rubber outfit in a space with dust and chemicals so thick that one could hardly see. After the tour Julio Cesar took us to a small room where five miners sat around a metal tool and celebrated its acquisition. They were to use the tool the following evening to remove moisture from a tunnel they had recently discovered in the mine. The celebration meant heavy drinking of 96% liquor that resembles rubbing alcohol and heaps of coca leaf chewing. We sat with the very drunk and female "friendly" miners for over two hours as they aggressively proposed for me to stay in Bolivia and pick a Bolivian miner for a husband. An interesting experience, but one I was happy to end.